50G PAM4ベースの光トランシーバ技術

PAM4エンコーディングテクノロジでは、各サンプリングサイクル内で50G PAM4ベースの光トランシーバで送信される情報量が2倍になります。25Gの光コンポーネントを使用して50Gbpsの伝送速度を達成し、光トランシーバのコストを削減することができます。

50G PAM4は、シングルレーン50GE PAM4光トランシーバ4レーン200GE光トランシーバ8レーン400GE光トランシーバなど、複数のシナリオに適用されます。

関数

このセクションでは、シングルレーン50GE PAM4光トランシーバの機能を紹介します。

50GE PAM4光トランシーバの動作原理

50GE PAM4光トランシーバの動作原理

50GE PAM4光トランシーバの動作原理は、次のとおりです。

  • 送信方向では、PAM4エンコーディングチップは2つの25Gbit / s NRZ信号を1つの25GBaud PAM4信号に集約します。レーザー駆動チップはPAM4信号を増幅し、25Gbpsレーザーは電気信号を25GBaud(50Gbps)の単一波長光信号に変換します。
  • 受信方向では、ディテクタは25GBaudの単一波長光信号を電気信号に変換します。電気信号は整形および増幅された後、PAM4デコードチップに出力されます。PAM4デコードチップは信号を2つの25Gbps NRZ信号に変換します。

50GE PAM4光トランシーバは、QSFP28カプセル化モード、LC光インターフェイス、およびシングルモード光ファイバを使用します。伝送距離は10kmまたは40km、最大消費電力は4.5Wです。

仕様

50GE PAM4光トランシーバの光インタフェース上の送信機および受信機の性能は、IEEE 802.3bsおよびIEEE 802.3cd規格に準拠する必要があります。

光トランシーバは、N 25 Gbpsの電気的インタフェースを提供します。50GE光トランシーバの場合、2つの電気レーンはSFF-8436_MSA規格で指定されているTX1 / RX1およびTX2 / RX2信号を送信します。電気的インタフェースの性能は、CEI-28G-VSR LAUI-2規格に準拠する必要があります。

単一波長で50 Gbpsの伝送速度を持つ光トランシーバは、50 GE、200 GE、および400 GEのインターフェイスをサポートします。次の表に、50GE、200GE、および400GEの技術ソリューションのパラメータを示します。

50GE、200GE、および400GEテクニカルソリューションのパラメータ

技術ソリューション

光学部品および駆動チップ

50G PAM4光トランシーバは、成熟した25Gbpsオプトエレクトロニクスチップを使用して費用対効果の高いソリューションを提供します。で50GBASE-LR 10キロのシナリオ、パッケージTOと非冷却の直接変調レーザー(DML)トランスミッタ光サブアセンブリ(のTOSA)が使用されています。このようなソリューションは、成熟したテクノロジ、低コスト、低消費電力、および簡単な大量生産を特徴としています。線形DMLドライバチップは、入力PAM4電圧電気信号をレーザを直接駆動することができる電流信号に変換することができる。そのようなチップは高帯域幅を供給し、大きな駆動電流を出力する。彼らの最大稼働率は28GBaudに達することができます。受信側では、TOパッケージの付いたReceiver Optical Sub-Assemble(ROSA)が使用されます。25Gbpsピンとリニアトランスインピーダンスアンプ(TIA)チップがROSAに統合されています。

50GBASE-LRシナリオの光学部品

50GBASE-LRシナリオの光学部品

50GBASE-ER 40 kmのシナリオでは、BOXパッケージの25 Gbps電界吸収変調レーザー(EML)TOSAが使用されます。外部共振器変調分布帰還(DFB)レーザ、アイソレータ、モニタリングダイオード、サーミスタ、およびEMLコンポーネントはTOSAに統合され、電圧信号によって駆動されます。このようなソリューションは、広い線形ドメイン、高いER、高い出力光パワー、および低いTDECQを特徴としています。リニアEMLドライブチップは入力PAM4信号を増幅して次のEMLに出力することができます。これらのチップは、高帯域幅、小さなジッタ、調整可能な出力ゲイン、および最大28GBaudの動作レートを提供します。受信側では、TO包装付きのAPD ROSAが使用されます。25Gbps APDとリニアTIAチップがROSAに統合されています。このようなROSAは高感度を特徴とし、40kmの長距離伝送に適用されます。

50GBASE-ERシナリオの光学部品

50GBASE-ERシナリオの光学部品

PAM4チップ

PAM4コーデックチップは、トランシーバ内部でNRZ信号とPAM4信号間の変換を実行します。送信方向では、PAM4チップはボードによって出力された2つの25Gbps NRZ信号を1つの25GBaud PAM4信号に整形、増幅、および変換します。受信方向では、PAM4チップは1つの25GBaud信号を2つの25Gbps NRZ信号にデコードするために、アナログ - デジタル変換器(ADC)およびデジタル信号処理(DSP)技術を使用します。

NRZトランシーバとPAM4トランシーバのソリューションの違い

PAM4トランシーバーの光学部品とチップは、NRZトランシーバーのものとは大きく異なります。次の表に、50G QSFP28 LRと25G SFP28 LRの違いを示します。

50G QSFP28 LRと25G SFP28 LRの違い

主な違いは、レーザー駆動チップ、TIAチップ、そしてデータ処理チップです。

  • PAM4コードには4種類のレベルロジックがあるため、レーザー駆動チップとTIAチップはリニア出力が可能です。NRZトランシーバは、振幅制限モードで信号を出力します。
  • PAM4トランシーバーはDSPを使用して50G PAM4信号と2つの25Gbps NRZ信号間の変換を実装します。NRZトランシーバは、Clock&Data Recovery(CDR)チップのみを使用してデータを送信します。

もともとの記事:https://www.gigalight.com/ja/show-1137.html

Which Is Better for 80km Links? PAM4 or Coherent Technology

A significant portion of Data Center Interconnections (DCIs) and telecom router-to-router interconnections rely on simple ZR or 80km transceivers. The former is mostly based on 100Gbps per 100GHz ITU-T window C-band DWDM transceivers, while the latter is mostly 10G or 100G grey wavelength transceivers. In DWDM links, the laser wavelength is fixed to a specified grid, so that with DWDM Mux and Demux 80 or more wavelength channels can be transported through a single fiber. Grey wavelengths are not fixed to a grid and can be anywhere in the C-Band, limiting capacity to one channel per fiber. DCI links tend to use DWDM because they have to utilize the optical fiber bandwidth as much as possible due to the extremely high-volume traffic between data centers.

Another emerging 80km market is the Multi-System Operator (MSO) or the CATV optical access networks. This need emerges because MSOs are running out of their access optical fibers and they need a transmission technology which would allow them to grow to a very large capacity by using the remaining fibers. For this reason they need to use DWDM wavelengths to pack more channels in a single fiber.

The majority of the 10G transceivers on 80km links will be replaced by 100G or 400G transceivers in the coming years. For that to happen, there are two modulation techniques to enable 80km 100G transceivers.

  • 50G PAM4 with two wavelengths in a 100G transceiver
  • Coherent 100G dual-polarization Quadrature Phase Shifted Keying (DP-QPSK)

Generally speaking, PAM4 is a low-cost solution but require active optical dispersion compensation (which could be a big headache as well as extra expense to data center operators) and extra optical amplification to compensate for the dispersion compensators. By contrast, Coherent approaches do not need any dispersion compensation and the price is coming down rapidly, especially when the same hardware can be configured to upgrade the transmission data rate per wavelength from 100G to 200G (by using DP-16QAM modulation).

When 400G per wavelength is needed in a DCI network within a 100GHz ITU-T window, coherent technology is the only cost-effective solution, because it will not be feasible for PAM4 to achieve the same high spectral efficiency of 4 bit/sec/Hz.

On the standards front, many standards organizations are adopting coherent technology for 80km transmission. The Optical Inter-networking Forum (OIF) will adopt coherent DP-16QAM modulation at up to 60Gbaud (400G per wavelength) in an implementation agreement on 400G ZR. This is initially for DCI applications with a transmission distance of more than 80km, and vendors may come up with various derivatives for longer transmission distances. Separately, CableLabs has published a specification document for 100G DP-QPSK coherent transmission over a distance of 80km aimed at MSO applications. In addition, IEEE802.3ct is in the process of adopting coherent technologies for 100G and 400G per wavelength transmissions over 80km.

As data rates increase from 100G to 400G and capacity requirements per fiber are driven by DCI needs, and assisted by volume driven cost reductions in coherent optics and in coherent DSPs, we expect coherent transmission to be the technology of choice for 80km links.

The Popular 100G High-speed Optical Transceivers of Data Center


Since 2018, 100G high-speed optical transceivers have been deployed in large-scale data centers. The 100G QSFP28 series products are favored in large data center network architectures such as Microsoft, Google, and Facebook.

The 100G QSFP28 PSM4, 100G QSFP28 CWDM4, 100G QSFP28 LR4 optical transceiver is widely used in the construction of data center networks. It has won a large market share compared to other 100G optical transceivers. It can be said that it is a popular product in 100G high-speed optical transceivers. In general, if a product can be recognized by the market and widely used, the technical advantage must be the important reason.

Gigalight 100G PSM4, 100G CWDM4, 100G LR4 are using for data center. These products use technologies such as COB, WDM, mini TO and so on, which greatly reduced the cost, can save money for high-volume optical transceivers in the data center.


100G PSM4

100G CWDM4

100G LR4

Automated Production and Chip-On-Board(COB) Packaging Technology

The chip-on-board package technology is an illuminant in which multiple of LED chips are integrally packaged on the same substrate.

Gigalight 100G QSFP28 PSM4, 100G QSFP28 CWDM4, 100G QSFP28 LR4 optical transceivers use automated production line and COB technology, greatly reducing cost and product power consumption.

WDM technology

In addition to COB technology, Gigalight 100G QSFP28 CWDM4 and 100G QSFP28 LR4 optical transceivers all introduce WDM technology. In optical transmission networks, WDM technology is considered to be an effective means to expand the transmission capacity of existing optical networks. It can increase the optical signal transmission capacity of existing optical fibers in the most cost-effective way, thus quickly meeting the increasing high bandwidth requirements of people. The most direct impact on life is that we go online, watch TV, make calls faster and more smoothly.

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is a Multiplexer (Mux) that multiplexes optical carrier signals of different WDM wavelengths onto a single fiber for transmission at the transmitting end, and then uses a Demultiplexer(Demux) at the receiving end to transmit each the WDM wavelength separation technology, each WDM wavelength signal is independent of each other and is not affected by any transmission protocol and rate.

In addition, WDM technology enables bidirectional transmission of optical signals over a single fiber. This technology virtualizes one fiber into multiple fibers, which not only simplifies the structure of the optical transmission network, but also greatly saves fiber resources, thereby reducing the deployment cost of the optical network.


Using Mini TO Technology

Gigalight uses homemade Mini TO to effectively reduce costs and improve product reliability.

Conclusion

Through long-term technical accumulation, Gigalight self-developing optical devices, homemade TOSA/ROSA, gradually formed its own transmitting and receiving device packaging technology platform. The transmitter adopts the self-made mini TO plus AWG chip, and the receiving end adopts the COB packaging process, which greatly optimizes the product cost. In 2019, 100G optical transceivers will still occupy a mainstream position in data center deployment. In the new year, Gigalight will continue to optimize its production technology and will provide more high-quality 100G high-speed optical interconnect products for data centers.

Source: https://medium.com/@Gigalight/the-popular-100g-high-speed-optical-transceivers-of-data-center-in-2018-4993baeec2fb

The Interpretation of 5G Related Terms



Since the end of last year, the heat of the word "5G" has remained high. As a cutting-edge communications technology, 5G has many terms. Due to the oversimplification and nastyness of the names of standards, specifications, and technologies adopted by various institutions and the complexity of 5G technology itself, there are many similar and confusing phenomena in these terms. This article will help you sort out and explain common 5G terms.




5G: IMT-2020




IMT-2020 is a term developed by the ITU’s Radiocommunication Sector in 2012 to develop the vision of “IMT for 2020 and beyond.” The ITU has set a timeline that calls for the standard to be finished in 2020. Additionally, the name IMT-2020 follows the same naming structure as IMT-2000 (3G) and IMT-Advanced (4G). In early 2017, ITU representatives partnered with academia and research institutions to complete a series of studies focused on the key 5G tech and performance requirements for IMT-2020.




The logo of ITU




5G: 3GPP R15/R16




3GPP, short for 3rd Generation Partnership Project, is an international communications organization. There are four types of members: organization members, market representatives, observers and special guests. Organization members include ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses), ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions), CCSA (China Communications Standards Association), ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute), TSDSI (Telecommunication Standards Development Society of India), and TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association) and TTC (Telecommunication Technology Committee). Market representatives include 18 members such as 4G Americas, 5GAA and GSM Association. Observers include 3 members such as ISACC. Special guests include 27 members such as CITC and Netgear.




The logo of 3GPP




The 3GPP will regularly publish new wireless communication technology standards. The Release 15 (R15) is the first version that includes the 5G standard. According to the plan, the second stage of the 5G, that is, the R16, will be completed in the fourth quarter of 2019.




5G: NR




NR is short for New Radio. The technical topics involved are complex, but in simple terms, NR is a new standard for data communication between wireless devices and base stations.




5G NR




The communication between the device and the base station is wireless, and the communication medium is a radio that propagates in the air. The NR is a new type of interface for wirelessly transmitting data in the air.




5G: mmWave




The mmWave, millimeter wave, is an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 30GHz to 300GHz, and the frequency band is between a microwave and an infrared wave. Millimeter waves applied to 5G technology range from 24GHz to 100GHz. With extremely high frequency, the mmWave supports a very fast transmission rate. At the same time, its higher bandwidth also allows operators to choose a wider range of frequency bands. You need to know that there are fewer and fewer bands that are idle now.




5G frequency band




However, the mmWave is not perfect, and its ultra-short wavelength (1mm to 10mm) makes it weak to penetrate objects, which leads to signal attenuation. These objects include air, fog, clouds, and thick objects.




Fortunately, the development of communication technologies in recent years has led people to find a way to overcome the short transmission distance of mmWave. One way is to increase the number of base stations directly. Another method is to send electromagnetic waves to the same line through a large number of small antennas to form a focused beam that is powerful enough to extend the effective transmission distance.




Short wavelengths also have advantages. For example, short wavelengths allow the transceiver antenna to be made small enough to be easily plugged into the handset. Low-volume antennas also make it easier to build multi-antenna combo systems in confined spaces.




5G: LDPC




LDPC is short for Low Density Parity Check Code. It is a linear error correction code. It can effectively, accurately and reliably detect whether the data transmitted between devices is correct or not. This capability allows LDPC to be gradually applied to wireless data transmission in complex interference environments.




Common (n, k) LDPC Graphical Expressions




5G: Polar Code




Polar Code is a kind of linear block error correction code. Its role is the same as LDPC. It guarantees the correctness and completeness of data transmission. Polar Code and LDPC each have their own advantages, and they are applicable to different scenarios.




5G: eMBB




The ITU (International Telecommunication Union) divides 5G networks into three major types. The first is eMBB, which stands for enhanced Mobile Broadband. As the name implies, eMMB is a 5G network that is specially designed for mobile devices such as mobile phones.




The eMBB will be the first of three to be commercially available. After all, the technology maturity of mobile phones is much higher than that of the latter two types.




5G: URLLC




The second is URLLC, short for Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications. This type of 5G network will be mainly used in industrial applications and self-driving vehicles.




Google's Self-driving Car and URLLC




5G: MMTC




The third is MMTC which stands for Massive Machine Type Communications. MMTC is the type of 5G network that will be used in the IoT (Internet of Things) and IoE (Internet of Everything) scenarios. The strength of MMTC is to allow a large number of neighboring devices to enjoy a smooth communication connection at the same time.




Automation Interconnected Chemical Plants and MMTC




Conclusion




5G is the current technology focus of the industry, so there are many related terms that circulate online. Although it is not necessary for users to understand the underlying principles, it is still necessary to understand the basic meaning of common terms.




Article soure: Gigalight

Gigalight 100G Optical Modules Passed the Connectivity Test of M



Shenzhen, China, May 19, 2018 – Gigalight announced the 100G series optical transceiver modules have passed the connectivity test of multiple cloud service providers. The Gigalight 100G series products include 100G QSFP28 SR4 multi-mode VCSEL optical modules and 100G QSFP28 CWDM4 single-mode WDM optical modules. The interconnection test covers the mainstream cloud devices of major brand equipment vendors and the optical transceiver module products of our partners.







Qualified 100G Series Optical Transceiver Modules




Gigalight has always been among the top 10 companies in the world of optical interconnects with its invention of active optical cables and deep innovation. However, Gigalight is essentially an integrated solution provider of optical transceiver modules and optical network devices. Gigalight ships a large number of 10G multimode and 10G single-mode optical modules and 40G multimode SR4 optical modules to the world. In the field of 40G single-mode optical modules, Gigalight's main customers include global TIE1 equipment vendors. The cloud service providers have directly verified Gigalight's 100G optical modules since the end of 2017. The successful interconnection results so far have greatly encouraged Gigalight's confidence in deploying 100G optical modules in bulk in the cloud.




Global Data Center Infrastructure Ecosystem




Global Data Center Infrastructure Ecosystem




Gigalight has a deep optical interconnect product line. Among this product line, the multimode optical interconnect products based on the VCSEL technology applications are the traditional advantages of Gigalight, including the cost-effective and reliable 100G QSFP28 SR4 optical modules with good compatibility. The single-mode 100G series short-range optical modules were developed in 2016 and this time passed the threshold of full-brand compatibility and interoperability testing after optical design thresholds and reliability verification thresholds. Finally, they will not lose pace in the industry's striding forward in 2018.




As a global optical interconnect design innovator, Gigalight has prepared the best 100G optical modules for industry users.




About Gigalight:


Gigalight is a global optical interconnection design innovator. We design, manufacture and supply various kinds of optical interconnect products including optical transceivers, passive optical components, active optical cables, GIGAC™ MTP/MPO cablings, and cloud programmers & checkers, etc. These products are designed for three main applications which are Data Center & Cloud Computing, Metro & Broadcast Network, and WIreless & 5G Optical Transport Network. Gigalight takes the advantages of exclusive design to provide customers with one-stop optical network devices and cost-effective products.

What is Data Center Interconnect/Interconnection?



Data Center Interconnection means the implements of Data center Interconnect (DCI) technology. With the DCI technology advances, better and cheaper options have become available and this has created a lot of confusion. This is compounded by the fact that a lot of companies are trying to enter this market because there is a lot of money to be made. This article is written to straighten out some of the confusion.




According to the different applications, there are two parts of data center interconnections. The first is intra-Data Center Interconnect (intra-DCI) which means connections within the data center. It can be within one building or between data center buildings on a campus. Connections can be a few meters up to 10km. The second is inter-Data Center Interconnect (inter-DCI) which means connections between data centers from 10km up to 80km. Of course, connections can be much longer but most of the market activity for inter-DCI is focused on 10km to 80km. Longer connections are considered Metro or Long-haul. For reference, please see the table below.




DCI

Distance

Fiber Type

Optics Technology

Optical Transceivers

intra-DCI

300m

MMF

NRZ/PAM4

QSFP28 SR4

500m

SMF

QSFP28 PSM4

2km

QSFP28 CWDM4

10km

QSFP28 LR4

inter-DCI

10km

SMF

Cohernet

QSFP28 4WDM-10

20km

QSFP28 4WDM-20

30km to 40km

QSFP28 4WDM-40

80km to 2000km

CFP2-ACO



Intra-DCI




The big bottlenecks are in the intra-DCI and therefore, the highest volume of optical transceivers are sold here generating the most revenue, however, it is low margin revenue because there is so much competition. In this space, may of the connections are less than 300m and Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) is frequently used. MMF is thicker, and components are cheaper because the tolerances are not as tight, but the light disperses as it bounces around in the thick cable. Therefore, 300m is the limit for many types of high speed transmission that use MMF. There is a data center transceiver with a transmission distance up to 100m over OM4 MMF for example.




Gigalight 100GBASE-SR4 100m QSFP28 Optical Transceiver




100G QSFP28 SR4 for MMF up to 100m




In a data center, everything is connected to servers by routers and switches. Sometimes a data center can be one large building bigger than a football field and other times data centers are built on a campus of many buildings spanning many blocks. In the case of a campus, the fiber is brought to one hub and the connections are made there. Even if the building you want to connect to might be 200m away, the fiber runs to a hub, which can be more than 1km away, so this type of routing increases the fiber distance. Some of the distances between buildings can be 4km, requiring Single Mode Fiber (SMF), which has a much narrower core, making it more efficient, but also increasing the cost of all related components because the tolerances are tighter. Therefore, with data centers growing, so has the need for SMF as the connections get longer within the data center. With SMF you have the option to drive high bandwidth with coherent technology, and we'll see more of this in the future. Previously coherent was only used for longer distances, but with cost reductions and greater efficiency versus other solutions, coherent is now being used for shorter reaches in the data center.




Gigalight 100GBASE-LR4 Lite 4km QSFP28 Optical Transceiver




100G QSFP28 LR4L for SMF up to 4km




500m is a new emerging market and because the distance is shorter, a new technology is emerging, and that is silicon photonics modulators. EMLs (Externally Modulated Lasers) perform modulation within the laser, but with silicon photonics, the modulator is outside the laser and it's a good solutions for distances of 500m. In an EML, the modulator is integrated into the same chip, but is outside the laser cavity, and hence is "external". For silicon photonics, the laser and modulator are on different chips and usually in different packages. Silicon photonics modulators are based on the CMOS manufacturing process that is high scale and low cost. A continuous wave laser with silicon photonic modulation is very good for 500m applications. EMLs are more suitable for longer reaches, such as 2-10km. Therefore, with data centers growing, so has the need for single mode fiber as the connections get longer within the data center. With SMF you have the option to drive high bandwidth with coherent technology, and we'll see more of this in the future. Previously coherent was only used for longer distances, but with cost reductions and greater efficiency versus other solutions, coherent is now being used for shorter reaches in the data center.




100GE PSM4 2km QSFP28 Optical Transceiver




100G QSFP28 PSM4 for SMF up to 500m/2km




100GE CWDM4 2km QSFP28 Optical Transceiver




100G QSFP28 CWDM4 for SMF up to 2km




100GBASE-LR4 10km QSFP28 Optical Transceiver




100G QSFP28 LR4 for SMF up to 10km




Inter-DCI




Inter-DCI is typically between 10km and 80km, including 20km and 40km. Before we talk about data center connectivity, let's talk about why data centers are set up the way they are and why 80km is such an important connection distance. While it is true that a data center in New York might backup to tape in a data center in Oregon, this is considered regular long-haul traffic. Some data centers are geographically situated to serve an entire continent and others are focused on a specific metro area. Currently, the throughput bottleneck is in the metro and this is where data centers and connectivity are most needed.




100GE 4WDM-20 20km QSFP28 Optical Transceiver




100G QSFP28 4WDM-20 for SMF up to 20km




100GE 4WDM-40 40km QSFP28 Optical Transceiver




100G QSFP28 4WDM-40 for SMF up to 40km




Say you have a Fortune 100 retailer and they are running thousands of transactions per second. The farther away a data center is, the more the data is secure because the data center is so far away and separate from natural disasters, but with the increased distance there are more "in flight" transactions are at risk of being lost due to latency. Therefore, for online transactions there might be a primary data center that is central to retail locations and a secondary data center that is around 80km away. It's far enough away not to be affected by local power outages, tornadoes, etc, but close enough that there is only a few hundred milli-seconds of latency; therefore, in the worst case a small number of transactions would be at risk.




In another example of inter-DCI, as if a certain video is getting a lot of views, the video is not only kept in its central location, but copies of the video are pushed to metro data centers where access is quicker because it's stored closer to the user, and the traffic doesn't tie up long haul networks. Metro data centers can grow to a certain size until their sheer size becomes a liability with no additional scale advantage and thus they are broken up into clusters. Once again, to guard against natural disasters and power outages, data centers should be far away. Counterbalancing this, data centers need to have low latency communication between them, so they shouldn't be too far away. There is a compromise and the magic distance is 80km for a secondary data center, so you'll hear about 80km data center interconnect a lot.




It used to be that on-off keying could provide sufficient bandwidth between data centers, but now with 4K video and metro bottlenecks, coherent transmission is being used for shorter and shorter distances. Coherent is likely to take over the 10km DCI market. It has already taken over the 80km market but it might take time before coherent comes to 2km. The typical data center bottlenecks are 500m, 2km, and 80km. As coherent moves to shorter distances, this is where the confusion comes.




The optical transceiver modules that were only used within the data center are gaining reach, and they're running up against coherent solutions that were formerly only used for long distances. Due to the increasing bandwidth and decreasing cost, coherent is being pulled closer into the data center.




The other thing to think about is installing fiber between data centers. Hopefully this is already done, because once you dig, it's a fixed cost, so you put down as many fibers as you can. Digging just for installing fiber is extremely expensive. In France when they lay fiber, they use another economic driver. Whenever you put in train tracks, you put in fiber at the same time, even if it is not needed. It's almost for free because they are digging anyway. Fibers are leased to data centers one at a time; therefore, data centers try to get as much bandwidth as possible onto each fiber (this is also a major theme in the industry). You might ask, why not own your own fiber? You need to have a lot of content to own your own fiber. The cost is prohibitive. In order to make the fiber network function, all the nodes need to use the same specification and this is hard. Therefore, carriers are usually the ones to install the full infrastructure.




Article Source: John Houghton, a Silicon Valley entrepreneur, technology innovator, and head of MobileCast Media.

Gigalight’s First Successful Project for the Russian ISP Market



Shenzhen, China, May 9, 2018 − The Gigalight's GIGAC™ MTP/MPO Cabling Portfolio has won the first big order in the Russian ISP market. In the next three years, Gigalight will provide the largest Russian Internet service provider with the GIGAC™ high-density cabling products for the data centers in major Russian cities.




Data centers are very important for modern large IT business units. As the largest Internet service provider in Russia, this client has its own data centers with the major target to optimize the network and improve the quality of the business. On the picture below, the right is the previous organization of the racks and on the left is the current installation.




Data Center Cabling Racks




The Gigalight company together with the expertise partner in Russia have solved this challenge and ensured the reliability for the current network.




Data Center Cabling Racks




Almost the full range of Gigalight optical transceivers and GIGAC™ cabling products, including GIGAC™ MTP/MPO patch cables, trunk cables, harness cables, hydra cables, GIGAC™ racks and cassettes are used in this project. They are particularly reliable and safe, and can withstand temperatures up to 70 °C. Typical uses for the cables include delivering optimal performance and data transmission for information systems.




GIGAC™ MTP/MPO Cassette




This order follows after the years of the hard work with the Russian market. Well-known companies, public and private operators of data and communications networks are placing their trust in Gigalight’s expertise for years. Their confidence is based on our powerful cabling solutions, optical transceivers manufacturing capacity, and the tireless support we provide to our customers.




Gigalight is the world's design innovator in the optical interconnect field and this order sees it continue to build on this strong position. The company has rich experience in the development and production of optical transceivers, GIGAC™ MTP/MPO cables and passive optical components. In addition to connectivity solutions for the interconnect field, Gigalight also develops checkers and programming boards for the production lines, data centers and our global partners.


About Gigalight:


Gigalight is global optical interconnection design innovator. A series of optical interconnect products include: optical transceivers, passive optical components, active optical cables, GIGAC™ MTP/MPO cablings, and cloud programmers & checkers, etc. Three applications are mainly covered: Data Center & Cloud Computing, MAN & Broadcast Video, and Mobile Network & 5G Optical Transmission. Gigalight takes advantage of its exclusive design to provide clients with one-stop optical network devices and cost-effective products.


Article Source: http://www.gigalight.com/news_detail/newsId=438.html